BURU

If the buru turned out to be a real animal, it would likely be the largest species of monitor lizard alive today or in the recent past. Monitor lizards are the biggest and most dragon-like of the lizards. The largest monitor lizards accepted by science today are the famous Komodo dragons. A huge monitor lizard truly deserving of the name "dragon" lived in Australia until the early Australians killed it off some thousands of years ago, so it is not out the question for a monitor lizard even larger than the Komodo dragon to have survived in some inaccessible corner of the world.
The buru looks much like a Komodo dragon, except that it is dark blue with white spots and a white belly. It has three lines of spines on the back, changing to a double row of looser fringe that runs down the top of the tail. It prefers an aquatic habitat. Thus, it can also be classified as a lake monster, if you want to get picky. Perhaps 20 feet in length, these giants are reported from remote waterways situated in valleys of the Himalaya mountains in northeast India. Some cryptozoologists believe the buru is still alive, but others suggest it has probably become extinct in recent decades, due to the incredible pressures placed on the land as India's population surged above one billion. Either way, if it could be proven to be real, scientists would still be interested in it.
Other giant lizards are reported from many areas of the world. These often get classified as dragon legends and thus get relegated to the realm of mythology, but sometimes they are taken seriously by researchers. When cryptozoologists do pay attention to these sightings, they usually think they are dealing with a very large monitor lizard, though sometimes they think the animal is actually a surviving dinosaur.
Examples of other giant lizards include the amali, reported from the jungles of Gabon in Africa and said to spend part of its time living in the water, and the 30-foot-long artrellia or "tree dragon" of Papua New Guinea, a rain forest reptile resembling a monitor lizard that prefers to lurk in the treetops. The previously mentioned extinct giant monitor lizard of Australia still exists in modern reports, some of them made by experienced herpetologists. It is called the mungoon-galli by Aborigines. This lizard is supposed to reach lengths of up to 30 feet, and is sometimes blamed for killing cattle. A similar Australian giant lizard, the whowhie, is told about in legends from near the Murray River. It was large enough to consume 30 people at one time. Australia's largest known living lizard, the perentie, gets no longer than eight feet.
Giant lizards are also reported from areas where they seem quite unlikely. One example is the Canip monster of Kentucky. It was described as looking much like a monitor lizard with black and white stripes, but it was 15 feet long. Some of the first white settlers of Ohio claimed that pink lizards reaching lengths of up to 8 feet lived there, but these animals were easily killed off, within a decade or so (some researchers think these were really giant salamanders). An American giant lizard with more normal coloration is the so-called "mountain boomer" that is sighted near Big Ben Ranch State Park. This creature is described as bipedal, three to five feet tall, and its scales are a combination of brown and green. Some researchers label this a dinosaur.
Extremely large crocodiles have been reported from a number of places, including the ocean. Some of these reports, if confirmed, would simply increase the upper size limits of one or more known species of crocodile, while other reports describe animals so different from known crocodiles that confirmation of their existence would almost certainly mean a new species.
One creature that has been classed in the latter category is the Ambon "sea serpent," a creature seen near the northeastern coast of Africa that resembled a caiman, but was of giant size and had a fin on its back. Another possible giant ocean-dwelling crocodile is the U-28 "sea serpent," reported in the North Atlantic during World War I. This creature was described as looking like a giant crocodile 60 feet in length. Oceanic giant crocodiles are sometimes reported as being followed by their much smaller young, and their legs are sometimes described as looking more like flippers than legs.
Some researchers consider oceanic giant crocodiles to be identical to the reptilian creatures dubbed "three-toes" that are reported from beaches around the world (despite that all known crocodilians have five toes). These tracks have three toes and a bipedal gait with a six-foot stride. They exit the ocean and then enter it again. Mostly, people just find the tracks, but some of the rare eyewitnesses describe something that resembles a giant crocodile walking on its hind legs. Some researchers consider three-toes (and possibly also other reports of oceanic crocodiles) to actually represent either aquatic dinosaurs or prehistoric mosasaurs instead of giant crocodiles.
Africa reportedly has at least one unrecognized species of giant river crocodile, called lipata in Angola, kipumbubu in Tanzania and mahamba in the Congo. Reports describe animals of up to 50 feet long, similar to at least three species of prehistoric crocodiles that are thought to be extinct.

You can find out more about the Buru, Giant Lizards and/or Giant Crocodiles from the following sources:
Buru

Campbell, Elizabeth Montgomery and Solomon, David. The Search for Morag. New York: Walker, 1973. Pages 57, 60, 174
Clark, Jerome and Coleman, Loren. Cryptozoology A-Z. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999. Pages 50-51


~Authors~ Would you like your nonfiction book indexed in The Cryptid Zoo? Ask if you can send a review copy.
Coleman, Jerry D. Strange Highways: A Guidebook to American Mysteries & the Unexplained. Alton, Illinois: Whitechapel Productions Press, 2003. Page 186
Coleman, Loren. Mysterious America: The Revised Edition. New York: Paraview Press, 2001. Pages 69, 88
Izzard, Ralph. The Hunt for the Buru.
Krystek, Lee. The Unmuseum: Giant Lizards
Newton, Michael. Encyclopedia of Cryptozoology: A Global Guide to Hidden Animals and Their Pursuers. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2005. Page 6, 13, 20-21, 28, 30, 58, 60, 78, 84, 101, 122, 126, 133, 136-138, 159-160, 165, 178-180, 184, 187, 211-213, 219, 221, 226, 231, 236-237, 242, 245, 250, 253, 254, 263, 277, 279-280, 296, 303, 304-305, 309, 312, 314-316, 326, 329, 332, 335-337, 344-345, 359, 375, 398-399, 402-405, 407, 417, 419, 433, 450, 453, 463-464, 469-470, 474, 480, 485-487, 489, 491
Rose, Carol. Giants, Monsters and Dragons: An Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend and Myth. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2000. Page 394
Shuker, Karl. The Beasts That Hide From Man: Seeking the World's Last Undiscovered Animals. New York: Paraview Press, 2003. Page 287
Sundberg, Jan. Scientists from Bangladesh Claim that Giant Prehistoric Lizards have been Found in their Country
Wikipedia, The. Buru
Wikipedia, The. Komodo Dragon
Wikipedia, The. Megalania prisca
Wikipedia, The. Mosasaur

NEW CRYPTID FROM ANTARTIC: NINGEN

Dalam beberapa tahun ini, di Jepang beredar rumor mengenai keberadaan makhluk raksasa mirip manusia yang mendiami perairan es di Antartika. Makhluk misterius ini disebut Ningen.


Entah kenapa, dalam beberapa hari ini, banyak yang meminta saya untuk menulis mengenai Ningen. Saya menduga kalau seseorang pasti telah mengangkat kisah Ningen di forum-forum Internet (Kaskus misalnya) sehingga nama ini menjadi lebih dikenal.

Okelah, saya tulis soal Ningen. Tapi, tidak akan banyak berbeda dengan blog lain karena informasi mengenai Ningen sangat terbatas dan baru muncul dalam 3 tahun ini. Jadi, harap maklum. Saya juga minta maaf kalau postingan ini menjadi lebih berat loadnya karena banyaknya gambar dan adanya embed rekaman dari youtube.

Dalam galeri makhluk misterius, Ningen termasuk ke dalam "New Cryptid on the Block". Maksud saya adalah, Newbie dalam dunia Cryptozoology. Kisahnya hanya beredar terbatas di Jepang. Karena itu, saya belum mengetahui ada ahli Cryptozoology yang membahasnya.

Ningen, dalam bahasa Jepang berarti "manusia". Nama ini muncul karena wajah makhluk ini yang disebut mirip dengan rupa manusia. Penampakan makhluk ini pertama kali dilaporkan oleh para awak kapal penelitian ikan paus milik pemerintah Jepang.

Menurut mereka yang menyaksikannya, Ningen memiliki tubuh berwarna putih seluruhnya dengan panjang sekitar 20-30 meter. Makhluk itu juga memiliki rupa seperti manusia, memiliki kaki, lengan dan bahkan telapak tangan dengan lima jari. Kadang para saksi mata juga melihat makhluk itu memiliki sirip dan ekor seperti putri duyung. Satu-satunya fitur wajah yang bisa terlihat dari ningen adalah mata dan mulutnya.

Menurut salah satu kesaksian, para anggota kru kapal pada awalnya melihat sebuah objek di kejauhan yang dikira sebagai kapal selam asing. Ketika objek itu mendekat, semakin jelas bahwa bentuk objek yang tidak biasa itu bukan buatan manusia - objek itu hidup. Tak berapa lama kemudian, makhluk itu dengan cepat menghilang ke dalam air.

Ningen paling sering muncul pada malam hari sehingga membuatnya sangat susah dipotret. Makhluk ini kadang juga bisa terlihat seperti bongkahan es, walaupun disebut memiliki kulit halus seperti manusia.

Foto-foto di bawah ini beredar luas di internet dan disebut sebagai foto Ningen. Tapi mungkin banyak yang belum mengetahui bahwa kumpulan foto-foto di bawah ini sebenarnya hanyalah Ilustrasi yang dibuat dengan photoshop, bukan foto yang sebenarnya.

Laporan mengenai Ningen ini pertama kali di ceritakan oleh seseorang disebuah forum internet 2channel di Jepang yang mengatakan bahwa ia mendengar cerita ini dari seorang temannya yang bekerja untuk kapal penelitian paus pemerintah Jepang.

Kisah ini menjadi lumayan populer sehingga majalah MU, sebuah majalah paranormal Jepang, mempublikasikan sebuah artikel mengenainya pada bulan November 2007.

Dalam majalah itu, ada beberapa spekulasi mengenai Ningen yang disebut mendiami laut bagian selatan. Screen Shot dari Google Map yang beredar luas di web-web Indonesia dan disebut menampakkan sosok Ningen juga berasal dari majalah itu.

Screen Shot itu berasal dari Laut atlantik selatan di pantai Namibia. Kordinatnya adalah 27°36'14"S/15°29'20"E.

Apakah citra putih itu Ningen ?

Hmm, menurut saya tidak. Citra itu lebih mirip buih ombak. Karena efek Pareidolia, kita menganggapnya sebagai Ningen. Lihat sekali lagi gambar dari google map tersebut. Ini dari jarak pandang yang lebih jauh. Citra putih kita ditandai dengan huruf A. Tidak terlihat ? tidak apa, tapi lihat, citra putih lainnya memenuhi sekelilingnya. Jadi, menurut saya bila ia berbentuk seperti makhluk hidup, itu hanyalah sebuah kebetulan.

By the way, Pareidolia itu adalah sebuah fenomena psikologis yang melibatkan sebuah stimulus ambigu dan acak (umumnya gambar atau suara) dan dipersepsikan sebagai sebuah bentuk yang signifikan.

Fenomena ini sering kita alami dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, misalnya ketika kita melihat citra kelinci di bulan atau segumpal awan yang berbentuk kucing.

Hingga saat ini tidak ada bukti yang solid mengenai keberadaan Ningen. Jadi statusnya kurang lebih sama seperti putri duyung. Ada laporan, tidak ada bukti, misterius.

Namun, beberapa orang percaya bahwa pemerintah Jepang sebenarnya mengetahui keberadaan makhluk ini namun menolak untuk mempublikasikannya. Hmm, malah berubah menjadi teori konspirasi.

Jika kita mengabaikan teori konspirasi, adakah kemungkinan para pelaut Jepang itu salah mengidentifikasi ?

Bisa saja. Memang ada makhluk laut yang memiliki wajah mirip dengan manusia, yaitu Ikan Pari.

Karena kemiripan ini pula, para pelaut sering menganggap ikan pari sebagai monster atau setan laut. Tapi tentu saja tidak ada ikan pari yang memiliki panjang 20-30 meter. Pari Manta yang dianggap sebagai pari terbesar di dunia hanya memiliki panjang sekitar 7-8 meter.

Atau, mungkinkah Ningen adalah gurita yang salah identifikasi ? Gurita memiliki kepala bulat dan lengan panjang.

Atau kemungkinan terakhir :

Pernahkah kalian mendengar pepatah yang berbunyi "Jika seekor hewan memiliki bentuk seperti bebek, berjalan seperti bebek, mengeluarkan suara seperti bebek, maka hewan itu kemungkinan besar memang bebek."

Mungkinkah Ningen memang benar-benar bongkahan es yang salah identifikasi ? Lagipula, katanya Ningen biasanya terlihat pada malam hari. Bukankah kemungkinan salah identifikasi sangat besar ?

Tapi, saya belum pernah menjelajahi lautan luas dan menyelam hingga ke dasar samudera. Saya juga belum pernah melihat semua makhluk yang bernafas di dalam lautan. Jadi saya tidak bisa mengatakan dengan yakin bahwa Ningen tidak ada. Di suatu tempat di samudera, mungkin memang ada Ningen yang sedang bersantai ria.

Begitulah dunia Cryptozoology, misterius dan penuh tanda tanya.

Sebelum saya menutup tulisan ini, Ini ada salah satu dari dua video yang beredar dan dianggap sebagai ningen. Saya cuma mengambil satu karena saya menganggap rekaman ini lebih menarik. Tujuan saya memasukkan rekaman ini adalah untuk menambah kadar kemisteriusan tulisan ini :)


Bisakah kalian menebak identitas makhluk di dalam rekaman itu ? Atau kalian menganggapnya sebagai hoax ?

(pinktentacle.com, forgetomori.com)
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<span>Perhatian ! Boleh Copy paste, tapi kalau anda tidak keberatan mohon cantumkan sumber dengan linkback ke blog ini.</span>

kraken

Mungkin tidak ada monster legendaris yang lebih mengerikan dibandingkan dengan Kraken, penguasa lautan yang membuat para pelaut bergidik ketakutan. Apa yang menarik dari legenda Kraken adalah adanya kemungkinan kalau legenda ini mungkin memang berdasarkan pada sesuatu yang nyata.

Kraken adalah seekor monster yang digambarkan sebagai makhluk raksasa yang berdiam di lautan wilayah Islandia dan Norwegia. Makhluk ini disebut sering menyerang kapal yang lewat dengan cara menggulungnya dengan tentakel raksasanya dan menariknya ke bawah.

Kata Kraken sendiri berasal dari Kata "Krake" dari bahasa Skandinavia yang artinya merujuk kepada hewan yang tidak sehat atau sesuatu yang aneh. Kata ini masih digunakan di dalam bahasa jerman modern untuk merujuk kepada Gurita.

Begitu populernya makhluk ini sampai-sampai ia sering disinggung di dalam film-film populer seperti Pirates of the Caribbean atau Clash of The Titans. Jika ada makhluk raksasa penguasa lautan, maka Krakenlah namanya.

Karakter KrakenKita mungkin mengira Kraken hanyalah sebuah bagian dari dongeng, namun sebenarnya tidak demikian. Sebutan Kraken pertama kali muncul dalam buku Systema Naturae yang ditulis Carolus Linnaeus pada tahun 1735.

Mr. Linnaeus adalah orang yang pertama kali mengklasifikasi makhluk hidup ke dalam golongan-golongannya. Dalam bukunya itu, ia mengklasifikasikan Kraken ke dalam golongan Chepalopoda dengan nama latin Microcosmus. Jadi, boleh dibilang kalau Kraken memiliki tempat di dalam sains modern.

Erik Ludvigsen Pontopiddan, Uskup Bergen yang juga seorang naturalis, pernah menulis di dalam bukunya Natural History of Norway yang terbit tahun 1752 kalau Kraken "tidak bisa disangkal, adalah monster laut terbesar yang pernah dikenal".

Menurut Pontopiddan, Kraken memiliki ukuran sebesar sebuah pulau yang terapung dan memiliki tentakel seperti bintang laut. Ia juga menyebutkan kalau makhluk ini bisa menggulung kapal yang lewat dengan tentakelnya dan menariknya ke dasar lautan. Namun, menurut Pontopiddan, bahaya terutama dari Kraken adalah riak air yang dashyat ketika ia menyelam ke dalam laut. Riak itu bisa menenggelamkan kapal yang ada di dekatnya.

Menariknya, selain menggambarkan Kraken sebagai makhluk yang berbahaya, Pontopiddan juga menulis mengenai sisi lain dari makhluk misterius ini. Ia menyebutkan kalau ikan-ikan di laut suka berada di dekat Kraken. Karena itu juga, para nelayan Norwegia yang mengetahui hal ini suka mengambil risiko untuk menangkap ikan dengan membawa kapalnya hingga berada tepat di atas Kraken.

Jika mereka pulang dengan membawa hasil tangkapan yang banyak, para penduduk desa tahu kalau para nelayan tersebut pastilah telah menangkap ikan tepat di atas Kraken.

Sejak lama, makhluk ini hanya dianggap sebagai bagian dari Mitologi kuno yang setara dengan sebuah dongeng. Namun ketika sisa-sisa bangkai monster ini terdampar di pantai Albaek, Denmark, Pada tahun 1853, para ilmuwan mulai menyadari kalau legenda mengenai Kraken mungkin memang berdasarkan pada sesuatu yang nyata, yaitu cumi-cumi raksasa (Giant Squid), cumi-cumi kolosal (Colossal Squid) atau Gurita raksasa (Giant Octopus).

Seberapa besarkan seekor cumi atau gurita bisa bertumbuh?

Benarkan mereka bisa menyerang sebuah kapal besar seperti yang digambarkan di film-film?

Penampakan SignifikanPada tahun 1801, Pierre Denys de Montfort yang menyelidiki subjek mengenai Kraken menemukan kalau di Kapel St.Thomas di St.Malo, Brittany, Perancis, ada sebuah lukisan yang menggambarkan seekor gurita raksasa sedang menyerang sebuah kapal dengan cara menggulungnya dengan tentakelnya. Insiden yang tergambar dalam lukisan tersebut ternyata berdasarkan pada peristiwa nyata.

Dikisahkan kalau kapal tersebut adalah kapal Norwegia yang sedang berada di lepas pantai Angola. Ketika mendapatkan serangan tak terduga tersebut, para pelaut di atas kapal lalu membuat sebuah kaul untuk St.Thomas yaitu jika mereka dapat terlepas dari bahaya ini, mereka akan melakukan perjalanan ziarah.

Para awak kapal kemudian mengambil kapak dan mulai melawan monster itu dengan memotong tentakel-tentakelnya. Monster itupun pergi. Sebagai pemenuhan atas kaul itu, para awak kemudian mengunjungi Kapel St.Thomas di Britanny dan menggantung lukisan itu sebagai ilustrasi atas peristiwa yang menimpa mereka.

Sayangnya, peristiwa yang menimpa para pelaut itu tidak diketahui persis tahun terjadinya. Namun, paling tidak, penyerangan monster raksasa terhadap sebuah kapal tidak bisa dibilang sebagai mitos semata.

Selain kisah lukisan di Kapel St.Thomas, Mr.Monfort juga menceritakan perjumpaan lain dengan makhluk serupa cumi atau gurita raksasa yang dialami oleh kapten Jean-Magnus Dens dari Denmark yang bertemu dengan makhluk itu juga di lepas pantai Angola. Makhluk raksasa itu menyerang kapal mereka dan bahkan berhasil membunuh tiga awaknya.

Para awak kapal yang lain tidak tinggal diam dan segera mengambil meriam dan menembakkannya ke monster itu berulang-ulang hingga ia menghilang ke dalam lautan.

Kapten Dens memperkirakan monster itu memiliki panjang 11 meter.

Kisah lain terjadi pada tanggal 30 November 1861. Ketika sedang berlayar di kepulauan Canary, para awak kapal Perancis, Alencton, menyaksikan seekor monster laut raksasa berenang tidak jauh dari kapal. Para pelaut segera menyiapkan peluru dan mortir yang kemudian ditembakkannya ke arah monster itu.

Monster yang ketakutan dengan segera berenang menjauh. Namun, kapal Alencton segera diarahkan untuk mengejarnya. Ketika mereka berhasil mendekatinya, garpu-garpu besi segera dihujamkan ke tubuh monster itu dan jaring segera dilemparkan. Ketika para awak mengangkat jaring itu, tubuh monster itu patah dan hancur yang kemudian segera jatuh ke dalam air dengan menyisakan hanya sebagian dari tentakelnya.

Ketika kapal itu mendarat dan tentakel itu diperlihatkan kepada komunitas ilmuwan, mereka sepakat kalau para awak kapal mungkin telah menyaksikan seekor cumi raksasa dengan panjang sekitar 8 meter.

Pada bulan Oktober 1873, seorang nelayan bernama Theophile Piccot dan anaknya berhasil menemukan tentakel cumi raksasa di Newfoundland. Setelah diukur, para peneliti menyimpulkan kalau hewan itu kemungkinan memiliki panjang hingga 11 meter.

Pada tahun 1924, Frank T.Bullen menerbitkan sebuah buku yang berjudul The Cruise of the Chacalot. Dalam buku ini, Bullen menceritakan sebuah kisah luar biasa yang disebut terjadi pada tahun 1875. Kisah ini membuat Kraken mendapatkan musuh abadinya, yaitu Paus Penyembur (Sperm Whale).

Menurut Bullen, pada tahun 1875 ia sedang berada di sebuah kapal yang sedang berlayar di selat Malaka. Ketika malam bulan purnama, ia melihat ada sebuah riakan besar di air."Ada gerakan besar di dalam laut saat purnama. Aku meraih teropong malam yang selalu siap di gantungannya. Aku melihat seekor paus penyembur besar sedang terlibat perang hebat dengan seekor cumi-cumi yang memiliki tubuh hampir sebesar paus itu. Kepala paus itu terlihat lincah seperti tangan saja layaknya. Paus itu terlihat sedang menggigit tentakel cumi itu dengan sistematis. Di samping kepalanya yang hitam, juga terlihat kepala cumi yang besar. Mengerikan, aku tidak pernah membayangkan ada cumi dengan kepala sebesar itu."Mendengar kesaksian Bullen, kita mungkin tergoda untuk mengatakan kalau ia membesar-besarkan atau mungkin mengarangnya saja. Namun, pada Oktober 2009, komunitas ilmuwan menyadari kalau kisah yang diceritakan Bullen mungkin memang bukan sekedar cerita fiksi. Cumi raksasa memang bermusuhan dengan Paus Penyembur.

Di wilayah perairan di pulau Bonin di Jepang, para peneliti kelautan berhasil mendapatkan foto-foto langka yang memperlihatkan seekor paus penyembur sedang menyantap seekor cumi raksasa yang diperkirakan memiliki panjang 9 meter.

Dendam lama tidak pernah berakhir.

Giant Squid, Colossal Squid dan Giant OctopusSekarang, mari kita sedikit mengenal lebih jauh tiga teman raksasa kita yang mungkin telah memicu legenda Kraken. Saya akan mulai dari Giant Squid atau Cumi raksasa.

Giant Squid atau Cumi-cumi raksasaGiant Squid atau cumi-cumi raksasa yang berasal dari genus Architeuthis ini memiliki 8 spesies dan diketahui bisa memiliki panjang hingga 13 meter bagi yang betina dan 10 meter untuk yang jantan. Ukuran ini dihitung dari sirip caudal hingga ujung tentakelnya. Namun, ukuran cumi ini bisa jadi lebih besar daripada yang diperkirakan.

Pada tahun 1880, potongan tentakel ditemukan di Selandia Baru dan diperkirakan merupakan milik dari cumi raksasa yang memiliki panjang 18 meter. Ukuran yang sangat luar biasa!

Ide kalau seekor cumi raksasa bisa menenggelamkan sebuah kapal mungkin terdengar mengada-ngada pada zaman ini. Namun, pada abad pertengahan, ukuran kapal tidak sebesar yang kita miliki sekarang. Contohnya, kapal Columbus yang bernama Pinta hanya memiliki panjang 18 meter. Sebuah cumi sepanjang 10-15 meter sudah bisa dipastikan dapat menyerang dan menenggelamkan kapal ini dengan mudah.

Perilaku giant Squid ini hampir tidak pernah dikenal sebelumnya hingga pada tahun 2004 ketika para ilmuwan Jepang berhasil mendapatkan 556 foto makhluk ini dalam keadaan hidup. Cumi-cumi tersebut terperangkap dalam sebuah jebakan yang dibuat. Ketika ia berhasil lolos, salah satu tentakelnya yang memiliki panjang 5,5 meter putus. Dari panjang ini, para ilmuwan tersebut memperkirakan kalau makhluk itu memiliki panjang 8 meter.

Colossal Squid atau Cumi KolosalApabila kita mengira Cumi raksasa sudah memiliki ukuran yang luar biasa, maka, perkenalkan makhluk yang satu ini, Colossal Squid atau Cumi kolosal.

Makhluk ini memiliki nama latin Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni dan para ilmuwan percaya kalau makhluk ini bisa bertumbuh hingga paling tidak memiliki panjang 14 meter. Ini membuatnya menjadi hewan invertebrata terpanjang di dunia. Walaupun demikian, para ilmuwan tidak bisa memastikan hingga seberapa panjang hewan ini bisa bertumbuh.

Mengenai Colossal Squid, Dr.Steve O'Shea, ahli cumi dari Auckland University berkata:"Sekarang kita tahu kalau makhluk ini memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar dibanding Giant Squid. Giant Squid bukan lagi cumi terbesar di luar sana. Sekarang kita memiliki sesuatu yang lebih besar. Bahkan bukan cuma sekedar besar, tetapi benar-benar jauh lebih besar."Colossal Squid di foto di atas ditangkap di Laut Ross dan memiliki panjang mantel 2,5 meter. Ukuran ini termasuk luar biasa karena Giant Squid terbesar yang diketahui hanya memiliki panjang mantel 2,25 meter. Lagipula, Colossal Squid di atas dipercaya masih dapat bertambah panjang hingga mencapai ukuran yang jauh lebih besar.

Jika ada Kraken di luar sana, maka bisa dipastikan kalau Colossal Squid adalah tersangka paling utamanya.

Lalu, apa bedanya Giant Squid dan Colossal Squid?

Giant Squid hanya memiliki tentakel yang memiliki lubang penghisap dan gigi-gigi kecil, sedangkan Colossal Squid memiliki tentakel yang juga dilengkapi dengan kait yang tajam. Beberapa kait bahkan memiliki 3 ujung.

Selain dua jenis Cumi-cumi di atas, makhluk yang satu ini juga memiliki tentakel dan bisa bertumbuh dalam ukuran yang luar biasa, yaitu Giant Octopus.

Giant Octopus atau Gurita RaksasaGiant Octopus atau gurita raksasa bisa bertumbuh hingga memiliki panjang 9 meter. Panjang ini cukup membuatnya menjadi monster yang ditakuti oleh para pelaut. Makhluk inilah yang dipercaya Monfort sebagai monster yang menyerang para pelaut Norwegia di lepas pantai Angola yang lukisannya tergantung di Kapel St.Thomas.

Bangkai ini terdampar di pantai St.Augustine, Florida tahun 1896. Dipercaya sebagai Giant Octopus

Pada masa kini, teori mengenai Cumi atau Gurita raksasa dianggap sebagai penjelasan yang paling masuk akal mengenai legenda Kraken.

Jika kita beranggapan kalau legenda Eropa yang mengatakan kalau Kraken memiliki ukuran sebesar sebuah pulau sebagai "membesar-besarkan", maka mungkin misteri Kraken memang sudah terpecahkan.

Tetapi, bagaimana kita bisa memastikannya?

CHUPACABRA

chupacabra
The chupacabra ("goat sucker") is an animal said to be unknown to science and systemically killing animals in places like Puerto Rico, Miami, Nicaragua, Chile, and Mexico. The creature's name originated with the discovery of some dead goats in Puerto Rico with puncture wounds in their necks and their blood allegedly drained. According to UFO Magazine (March/April 1996) there have been more than 2,000 reported cases of animal mutilations in Puerto Rico  attributed to the chupacabra.
Puerto Rican authorities maintain that the deaths are due to attacks from groups of stray dogs or other exotic animals, such as the panther, illegally introduced in the island's territory. The director of Puerto Rico's Department of Agriculture Veterinary Services Division, Hector Garcia, has stated that there is nothing unusual or extraordinary about the cases they've observed. One veterinarian said "it could be a human being who belongs to a religious sect, even another animal. It could also be someone who wants to make fun out of the Puerto Rican people."
Like other creatures in the cryptozoologist's barnyard, the chupacabra has been variously described. Some witnesses have seen a small half-alien, half-dinosaur tailless vampire with quills running down its back; others have seen a panther like creature with a long snake-like tongue; still others have seen a hopping animal that leaves a trail of sulfuric stench. Some think it may be a type of dinosaur heretofore unknown. Some are convinced that the wounds on animals whose deaths have been attributed to the chupacabra indicate an alien presence. However, they do not attribute the "mutilations" to the aliens themselves, but to one of their pets or experiments gone awry. Such creatures are known as Anomalous Biological Entities [ABEs] in UFO circles.
Those who think the chupacabra is an ABE also believe that there is a massive government and mass media conspiracy to keep the truth hidden from the people, probably to prevent panic. This view is maintained despite the fact that the President of the Puerto Rico House of Representatives Agricultural Commission, Mr. Juan E. [Kike] Lopez, introduced a resolution asking for an official investigation to clarify the situation. Inside Edition sent a crew to Puerto Rico to investigate the ABE story. They allegedly ridiculed the Mayor of Canavanas, a witness to the chupacabra, and basically made fun of the whole idea.
Jorge Martin, a Puerto Rican journalist who describes himself as a "leading UFO researcher," reports that it has been brought to his attention that the U.S. and Puerto Rican governments have captured two of the creatures. Perhaps there will soon be a film on the ABE autopsy to rival the discredited alien autopsy film. Martin cautions us not to exclude other reasonable possibilities.
The ABEs can also be the product of highly sophisticated genetic manipulations by human agencies. A Chinese-Russian scientist by the name of Dr. Tsian Kanchen, has produced genetic manipulations which have created new species of electronically-crossed plant and animal organisms. Kanchen developed an electronic system whereby he can pick up the bioenergetic field of the DNA of living organisms and transfer it electronically to other living organisms. By these means he has created incredible new breeds of ducks/chickens, with physical characteristics of both species; goats/rabbits, and new breeds of plants such as corn/wheat, peanut/sunflower seeds and cucumber/watermelons. These are produced by linking the genetic data of different living organisms contained in their bioenergetic fields by means of ultra-high frequencies biological linking. If the Russians have created this technology, then without doubt the US and other powers have too. Therefore, it is quite possible that the "Chupacabras" or ABEs could have been developed by humans. [Martin]
Martin goes on to report that a chupacabra has been killed and blood tests have been done on the creature.
The genetic analysis so far has revealed that the blood is in no way compatible with human blood nor with any animal species known to science. The traces ratio of magnesium, phosphorous, calcium and potassium are incompatible with those of normal human blood, they are much too high. The albumen/glouline [RG ratio] was also incompatible. The ratios found do not allow the results of the analysis to be compatible with those of any known animal species.
At present, we can't place the sample with any earthly organism. Therefore it could well be the product of a highly sophisticated genetic manipulation, an organism alien to our own environment or perhaps extraterrestrial. [Martin]
I suppose Martin's work is what passes for responsible journalism on some planets in the universe. On the other hand, the sightings may not be all that accurate, the "mutilations" not all that strange, and the evidence for these bodies, autopsies and blood tests remains little more than speculation for the most part. However, one alleged chupacabra was killed in Nicaragua and was examined by scientists at the Autonomous National University of Nicaragua. When the scientists revealed that the carcass was that of a common dog, they were met with skepticism and derision. Nobody wants to read a story with the headline: Chupacabra turns out to be Chihuahua.
[new] Most scientists who have looked into alleged chupacabra sightings or findings agree that the creatures are quite terrestrial canines, often coyotes, suffering from mange. An increase in cases of mange is attributed to global warming.[/new]
See also bunyip, cattle mutilation, and cryptozoology.
further reading
websites and blogs
How Global Warming Creates Monsters by Benjamin Radford Most of the "monsters" are hairless, four-legged creatures. And the vast majority of them appear in the sunny Southwest. What the animals have in common is a bad case of mange....There's a good ecological reason for the increase in mange reports: global warming.
See also New Chupacabra Documentary: More Speculation than Investigation by Benjamin Radford
Chupalooza!
Can the mysterious chupacabra of Puerto Rico suck the blood of farm animals? The Straight Dope
news stories
new Chupacabras are just coyotes with scabies, says biologist







[/new]
Mysterious Livestock Attacks in Mexico Blamed on Chupacabra by Benjamin Radford "All the evidence points to dog attacks, but of course journalists know that injecting the goat-sucking chupacabra into the story makes it much more interesting."
Mysterious animal chupacabra killed in Ukrainian Chernigov region










Was El Chupacabra Spied in Texas? "We're either going to find out that they're a Mexican hairless dog species, and may have been someone's pet, or that they're coyotes," said Texas State University biologist Mike Forstner.









Bizarre Animal Captured Near Oklahoma's Dry Gulch U.S.A.
A bizarre-looking animal that has been roaming the countryside of rural Mayes County has been captured and turned over to wildlife experts in Claremore....it's known as the Dry Gulch chupacabra.
El Chupacabra photos in Ypsilanti Township? Expert says mangy dog







Chinese chupacabra mystery solved Kong Huazhen of the Daying Forestry Department, Sichuan recently announced that the mystery creature is an albino civet cat with a skin disease and "we have let it go."









Unknown Beast Raids Chicken Coop in Suining, Sichuan, China
Hairless raccoon causes stir in Claremore "I have a lot of people calling me, arguing that it’s a chupacabra,” Annette King Tucker, president at the Wild Heart Ranch in Claremore,  said. "We’ve been doing this for 14 years and have 15,000 wild animals here, and I’ve never had anything that’s been considered a mythical animal.” "If somebody were to come in here, a biologist with good credentials, and tell me that I was the only one to have a captive mythical creature in their care, I’m all about that. Because ... I need all the help I can get,” Tucker joked. "If anybody wants to view our chupacabra, we charge $100 for a private tour.”
***
Tony Potter, a golf course maintenance man found a dead animal on the 14th hole of the Runaway Bay Golf Course, 85 miles north of Dallas. Using his intuition, Tony determined:  "This is not a coyote. This is not a dog." He thinks it's a chupacabra.*
A state biologist who examined it Tuesday said that the animal was a male raccoon, probably no more than a few months old.
How he lost his hair, however, is still a mystery.
"It was a raccoon, no doubt about it," said Jennifer Barrow, the biologist. "It’s feet were a real giveaway. It had long toes, narrow feet . . . everything right for a raccoon."
But Barrow, who works for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, didn’t stop there.
She compared the shape of the animal’s head to that of a bleached raccoon skull, and they matched. The animal’s "dental formula" was also similar to that of a raccoon, she said.
***
 Texas Man Says He Has Mythical Chupacabra





Has the Chupacabra returned to Puerto Rico?
Strange, Hairless Creature Sighted Lurking In Central Texas Neighborhood
Chupacabra turns out to be a raccoon with mange
Texas biologist: Cuero chupacabra is a pit bull
Tests end Texan goat-sucker stir
Chupacabra story is a hoax
"Mystery Creature Causes Havoc in Puerto Rico" by Scott Corrales
Goatsucker Sighted, Details to Follow Strange beast plunders Puerto Rico, Florida, Mexico Livestock drained of blood, entrails Citizens ignore authorities' appeal for calm by Bucky McMahon
El Chupacabras - Terror of Puerto Rico Myth or Beginning of a New Reality? by Bob Buck


NESSIE

<span>Searching for Nessie</span><span>  </span>
 Important Information Please Read FirstAll sighting and photographic references on this page are documented and can be verified through various publications.
Although Nessie was sighted as far back as the 6th century a.d. it is the modern day sightings that have captured the public imagination. In the early part of the 1930's a new road was built around Loch Ness which in turn brought in a spate of new sightings from road users and sightseers. Up until this time stories of the monster circulated more within the local community but talk of other sightings were spreading outwith the village. The first recorded sighting of Nessie on land was made by Mr Spicer and his wife, on July 22nd 1933, who were driving down the road between the Loch Ness side villages of Dores and Inverfarigaig. They caught sight of a large cumbersome animal crossing the road ahead, which was some 20 yards from the water. They first saw a long neck, forming a number of arches, a little thicker than a elephant's trunk and a huge lumbering body heading towards the Loch. It disappeared into the bushes out of sight. After this sighting reports flooded in and interest grew on an international scale. Speculators offered huge prizes for the animal, dead or alive. Circus owner Bertram Mills promised a sum of £20,000 to any man who could bring the creature alive to his circus.
Probably one of the first photographs to be taken of the monster was snapped by a British Aluminium Company worker, Mr Hugh Gray, near Foyers. It showed a writhing creature creating a considerable disturbance on the surface of the Loch. He only saw part of the animal which he estimated to be around40 ft long, which included a thick rounded back and also a muscular looking tail. In December of the same year a hippo's foot had been planted by a prankster and all was taken seriously until officials finally uncovered the truth. This had an affect on future reports of sightings, as theywere taken less seriously.But still reported sightings were becoming increasingly common and more intriguing.

On the 5th of January, 1934, a motorcyclist almost collided with the monster as he was returning home from Inverness. It was around 1a.m. and was bright due to the moonlight. As Mr Grant approached Abriachan on the north-eastern shore of the Loch he saw a large shape loom on the right side of the road.As he approached the object he saw a small head attached to a long neck.The animal saw Grant and promptly crossed the road back down to the Loch. Mr Grant, by this time, had jumped off his motorbike and followed the path it took to the Loch only to see the rippling water where thecreature had entered.In April,1934 the most famous photograph was obtained by a London surgeon as he heading towards Inverness along the new road.
<span>The Surgeon's picture. There is some dispute as to the authenticity of this photograph.</span> This event encouraged more people to come forward with their tales of sightings. An event on the 5th of June, 1934 was considered to be of importance but was not widely publicised. It involved a young girl from the Fort Augustus area who was employed as a maid in a large house close to abbey. It was about 6:30 a.m., the maid was looking out of a window down the Loch. She saw on the shore, ' one of the biggest animals she had seen in her life, ' at a range of about 200 yards. Her description was similar to those of others, giraffe like neck, small head, skin like an elephant and two very short fore legs or flippers. She watched it for around 20 mins when it re-entered the water and disappeared.
There were a number of privately funded investigations, most of which were not successful, which took place in the same year. There was one such expedition which did have a degree of success. It was led by a Sir Edward Mountain in July, 1934. During that period of research and investigation he obtained five still pictures of the monster, he had observed the monster, along with members of his team, and had actually filmed the monster. It was probably because the expedition was so well funded that a result was most likely and that a poorly funded investigation would be doomed to failure.
As the threat of war with Germany grew stronger, Nessie and all the sightings were furthest things from peoples minds, but there were some recorded sightings and even a number of photographs were taken. During the war Loch Ness was in control of the Navy and the loch area was secured. This did not stop the monster from making itself known.In May, 1943, a Mr C.B. Farrel of the Royal Observer Corps was on duty to warn of incoming enemy bombers but instead observed the movements of the monster at a distance of 250 yards. He saw 20-30 ft of the monster's body and the neck which was approximately 4-5ft above the surface of the water. The eyes, he explained, were large and the body of the monster appeared to have a 'fin'. It finally submerged without a movement on the water.

When the war was over and up until the late '50's sightings of Nessie continued as people got back onto the road with their motorcars on the Loch side road. The monster was still a local source of interest but remained the complete enigma.
In 1951 a new photograph appeared which to some confirmed the existence of the monster. On the 14th of July at around 6:30 a.m. Mr Lachlan Stewart, a woodcutter employed by the forestry commission, saw something large moving out on the Loch. With a friend he ran to the waters edge and there about 50 yards away they saw three humps, each about 5 ft long moving at fast speed. Mr Stewart ,who had picked up a small camera before leaving his house, took this photograph. Seconds later a small head and long neck appeared in front of the first hump then the monster turned out towards the centre of the Loch and with a lot of splashing swam off and sinking head first 300 yards offshore, disappeared. Mr Stewart estimated the length of head and neck to be 6 ft, and then 15-20 ft behind the last hump he noticed a commotion in the water suggesting the movement of the tail.
In December 1954 another 'sighting' was made by a Peterhead fishing drifter called 'Rival III'. The vessel captured an unusual graphical recording of a large object at a depth of around 480 ft - 100 ft or so above the bottom - which kept pace with the boat for half a mile then disappeared.
Another eyewitness account happened in October 1955, by Colonel Patrick Grant of Knockie Estate. He was travelling from Fort Augustus to Invermoriston and nearing Inchnacardoch Bay he saw a great commotion in the water between 100-200 yards from the road. He brought his car to a stop and could see a black object above the surface 10 or 15 ft long. In less than a minute the object suddenly started swimming eastwards, parallel with the shore and very near the surface though submerged. Moving at great speed it travelled 200-300 yards and disappeared completely.
1955 brought one of the most intriguing photograph ever taken. Peter A. Macnab from Ayrshire was having a holiday in the Highlands and was preparing to take a photograph of Urquhart Castle. His attention was drawn to his left where he saw an enormous dark animal with two humps. This is the photograph he took.
Spring 1958. The proprietor of The Foyers Hotel, Mr Hugh Rowand, his wife and two friends were seated in their garden overlooking Loch Ness when his eye caught a stationary fin shaped object in the water near Sand Point. A few seconds elapsed and the object sprang into life and shot across the Loch towards Drumnadrochit. Mr Rowand guessed it's speed to be in the region of 20-25 knots.
A Mr H.L. Cockrell of Dumfries, Scotland, had a remarkable experience with the monster in the Autumn of 1958 when he met it in his canoe on the Loch. Mr Cockrell being an expert seaman and familiar with small crafts had developed a waterproof camera with flash equipment which he used from his canoe. The camera was strapped to his head like a miner's lamp and activated by the movement of his mouth which left his hands free to paddle. He was boating about dawn on the Loch when something appeared about 50 yards away. It looked like it had a large flat head 4 or 5 feet long and about 3 feet to the rear of this he noticed another thin line, all very low in the water. He swung round to approach what ever it was and to his great horror it turned towards him. He took a shot with his camera and kept moving towards it and to his relief the creature turned to another direction. When the film was developed , although it showed the Loch to be calm, there was a great deal of disturbance on part of the surface of the water.

The day after Mr Cockrell's sighting the monster was seen by a Mr Brown and his wife from Invergordon in the same place but closer to shore. They described it as three thick black humps moving through the water with 50 ft ahead of the humps a movement which seemed to suggest a head.
<span>24th May,1960</span>A member of the Northern Naturalists Organisations, Mr Peter O'Connor from Gateshead, Durham had a sighting. From the garden of the Foyers Hotel he and a number of other people saw the creature at around 4 o'clock in the afternoon. At first he thought it was a rowing boat about 200 yards from the Foyers shore but using his field glasses he could see a brown coloured object which was slowly sinking.
<span>27th of May, 1960</span>Mr O'Connor encountered the monster yet again 3 days later. Between 6 and 6:30 a.m. he went for a walk along the shore beside Foyers Bay and the monster glided into view around the headland. He waded into the water up to his waist to get a closer view. It features were small and sheep-like and a very, very strong neck. It's skin appeared smooth, very like a seal. He turned to yell to his companion and then turned back and took this photograph, to the right, as it disappeared into the turbulence it had created.
<span>27th June to 23rd July 1960</span>This date is generally regarded to be the first major scientifically planned expedition of its kind to visit the Loch was conducted by The Universities (Oxford and Cambridge) Expedition. The purpose being to make a general study of Loch Ness, paying particular attention to the possible existence of the Loch Ness Monster. Participant in the expedition numbered 30 volunteer graduates and under graduates who used cameras and an echo sounder mounted on a boat. They did encounter one visual sighting of what appeared to be the monsters back moving through the water. Another sighting they had was of an object that continuously changed shape on the surface of the water. Numerous echo soundings were taken which were of unusual character.
<span>7th August 1960</span>A sighting was reported on this date by a witness who wished to remain anonymous. The witness was driving south-westerly along the main road towards Abriachan pier when he noticed a small yacht travelling up the Loch. He then realised there were two V wakes parallel to one another. The closest of the two wakes came from the yacht and the second appeared to be caused by something just under the water. The object surfaced and looked just like a midget submarine without its periscope. The colour was greenish black, about the size of the yacht, which was in fact 48ft by 10 ft.
<span>Saturday 10th November 1973</span>In 1973 an interesting sighting was reported by a Mr Jenkyns of Pointclair, Invermoriston. Mr Jenkyns had a head/neck sighting in a close range observation. The sighting report is as follows : Mr Jenkyns lived in a house which is 12 yards above the surface level of Loch Ness. On Saturday 10th November 1973, at about 11:45am he tried to start a tractor which had been stuck for some weeks on a piece of rough ground sloping down to the loch edge to partially built jetty it was a cold slightly damp day, with a strong south-westerly wind on the surface giving a heavy swell with waves over 2ft high. Mr Jenkyns used an engine chemical to start the tractor and as the tractor did not have a silencer there was an explosive noise, so loud that Mrs Jenkyns heard it in the house, despite all the windows being double glazed. Immediately after the noise of the starter, Mr Jenkyns heard a very loud splash, which he described as an impact splash as if something very heavy had been thrown into the water. It was a single noise and was not followed by any further splashing. Being under the impression someone must of thrown a heavy object into the water, he got down from the tractor, walked round it and a good look along the shoreline. He then went back to the tractor and 2 mins after hearing the splash noticed in the water 5 yards of the end of the jetty a ring of concentric circles, showing despite the waves. While he was looking, a little to his left an animal emerged quietly and smoothly (the distance from the observer being about 45 yards) in a north-easterly direction parallel to the shore, then submerged straight down. Throughout, the object maintained a rigid pole-like posture and its motion through the water was very smooth, with no apparent sign of any jerky movement. The head and neck were slate-black, quite rigid and about 9 inches in diameter. He observed a slit mouth, what appeared to be some large scales on the top of the head but not the neck, and above the mouth an eye or possibly a vent. The eye was quite tiny in proportion to the mouth. When the object rose out of the water, it formed an angle 80 degrees to the water, but when it started to move and throughout the movement it formed a 60 degree angle. There was no sign of any fins, horns or other appurtenances. The water at this point is estimated to be only 10 - 20ft deep.
<span>13th July 1979</span>Going on a number of years, this sighting was by Paul H. Biermasz who was on holiday in the Loch Ness area. This is Mr Biermaszs' own account of his sighting. In July 1979 I had a Nessie sighting that goes as follows : I was driving from the camp site where I was staying at Invermoriston, north to Inverness on the main road when a few miles after Urquhart Bay, passing a layby with a good Loch view, I saw 'It'. 'It' was at a distance of some 200-300 metres, shaped like an upside-down (black) rowing boat, speeding away from the shore. The speed was remarkable because of the wave 'it' produced. Other people must have seen 'it', a sailing boat crew might have spotted something as 'it' was coming their way. A touring bus was in front of me and crossed the road to pull into the layby. Passengers in the rear of the bus were pointing at the Loch also. Everything happened in seconds. The time of this sighting was between 10 and 11 a.m.. The sky was cloudy but the Loch could be clearly seen and the wind was very low. Back in Holland the story of my sighting was not believed so I have kept quiet about until now.
<span>17th June 1993</span>Edna MacInnes and her boyfriend, David Mackay said they watched the creature for 10 minutes. Miss MacInnes said that the 40ft beast waved around its giraffe like neck then vanished into the water. Later on the same day James Mackintosh and his son also spotted a brown thing with a neck like a giraffe break the surface. Mr Mackintosh remembers: "It was an eerie experience, it was swimming quite swiftly away from the shore."
<span>9th of April,1996</span>A Lancashire man, named Bill Kinder, observed a black, shiny object rise out of the water and leave a 10 metre wake. This took place on this date 1996 around 10:00am, just north of Fort Augustus. Also on the same day, the Ling family from London who were travelling behind Bill Kinder on the west shore, reported seeing two humps rise out of the water and leave a long trail.
<span>10th of April, 1996</span>Two large brown shapes were spotted by a couple from the Black Isle, which appeared to be 10 feet in diameter and 3 feet apart. The object was 200m from the shore near Urquhart Castle, it then travelled across the Loch and disappeared.
<span>14th of May, 1996</span>A representative of Union Commercials, named Jonathan Murphy, on his first visit to Loch Ness to make a television commercial for Vodaphone, contacted a local paper and said he saw something in the water. He had photographed the object which was then sent to NASA for a thorough investigation.
<span> 13th June, 1996</span>Staff and guests of the Craigdarroch House Hotel, Foyers, witnessed at 8:30pm, a bubbly disturbance which was followed by a wake, it then travelled zigzag across the water, creating movement on the Loch for around 10 minutes.
<span>21st of July, 1996</span>During their visit to the Loch Ness Caravan and Camping Park at Invermoriston, Emilio Demnio and Nikhi Banjeri from Preston, reported seeing a dark brown or black hump appear in the middle of the Loch and stayed for around 10 minutes, at 2:15pm.
<span>1st of August, 1996</span>While on the pier at Fort Augustus, three witnesses including holidaymaker Nick Watson saw at around 5:30pm a black hump approximately a mile from the shore. It was creating a large commotion on the surface. A few minutes later it headed away from them and disappeared.
<span>18th August, 1996</span>A camper at Invermoriston photographed what looked like a head and a neck emerging from the Loch. Glaswegian Craig Kerr reported it to a national newspaper. The object appears in the background of a photograph he was taking of another subject. He did not realise this until the film had been processed.
<span>In 1996</span>Staff members at the Clansman Hotel beside Loch Ness, during their lunchbreak around noon witnessed several humps appear in the Loch. They appeared to be black and were around 1 metre long. They disappeared and shot to the surface again further out in the Loch within moments.
<span>September 1996</span>This sighting was made by Frank Meyer of Cincinnati, Ohio. These are his own words :As someone with scientific education (physics) I will not believe in anything I don't know for sure. But I was on Loch Ness for four days in 1996 during the first days of September with four relatives, we saw something we could not quite explain: We had rented a motor cruiser to travel on the Caledonian Canal for two weeks. We spent one night at the Foyers pier. The weather had been fine in the evening, and the loch was very quiet in the morning, practically no waves at all, clear weather. Around 8:45am, I noticed something like the trunk of a large tree, floating motionless just under the surface, about 100 meters in the direction of Urquhart Castle. My four fellow boaters saw it, too, after I asked them what it was. It did not move for at least 15 minutes (well, one of us thought it had moved slightly). We speculated what it could be, we watched it with binoculars (which revealed that it was not a single blob of darkness, but had limblike substructures, as if it really was a dead tree), but nobody took a single photo! I still can't believe it... Finally we took off to visit Urquhart Castle. I took a course that would take us close to the point the mysterious object was floating. Due to the position of the steering wheel, I could not see it during the beginning of the approach and relied on the others to take a close look. But when we got there, nothing was visible. Not only that, but nobody had actually seen it disappear. One moment it had been there, a moment later it was gone without a trace. It was obviously no tree. Was it one of the almost stationary zones of rippled water that can occur on lakes due to wind and current? It was so isolated - one dark spot in a wide totally quiet surrounding - and stayed unchanged for 15 minutes or more, and it was darker than the normal shadow - to me that explanation seems practically impossible. The same reasons exclude a cloud shadow. For a mirage it was not far enough, and one thing I am absolutely sure of: It was under the surface. The only thing I can think of as possible explanation is a thin floating layer of dark particles, slowly collected overnight by the currents of the Foyers bay and of the open loch, clearly visible only because of the flat viewing angle. But then, why didn't it disappear gradually when we approached the spot?
<span>16th February, 1997</span>A family reported seeing an object travelling quickly through the water.
<span>1997</span>A local man from Glenurquhart filed a report about seeing two humps in the water near to Abriachan.
<span>21st March, 1997</span>A South African holidaymaker reported to have seen two humps appear from the water near Aldourie Castle beside Loch Ness.
<span>22nd of March 1997</span>Travelling down the south side of the Loch Richard White of Muir of Ord saw a number of humps moving on the water around 200m from the shore
<span>15th April, 1997</span>A visitor from the Isle of Skye reported seeing something odd in the water near Foyers.
<span>14th June, 1997</span>An object which looked like a pole appeared from the water near Dores, the top of which looked like a small head that looked around and then disappeared.
<span>21st of June,1997</span>About 1 mile south of Urquhart Castle, at around 9:00am, a dark object was spotted moving swiftly across the Loch.
<span>21st of June, 1997.</span>Another sighting was reported by the producer and technician of an American film team who were filming a documentary at Strone Point, above the castle. They spotted a dark object moving swiftly across the Loch about 1 mile south of Urquhart Castle around 9:00am. Unfortunately it had disappeared before the cameraman had time to record it on film.
<span>21st of June, 1997</span>The "Royal Scot" from Fort Augustus reported two sonar contacts at a depth of 400 ft in a trench just north of Fort Augustus.
<span>2nd July, 1997</span>The "Royal Scot" again reported a similar contact at a depth of 300 ft.
<span>9th of August,1997</span>There was a report of a camper, who was staying at the Loch Ness Caravan and Camping Park at Invermoriston, which told of her experience during an incident at around 3:00am. She had heard something splashing about in the water and realised some ducks nearby were becoming restless for some reason. Then she said she heard a strange buzzing noise from the Loch but it didn't sound like a boat or other engine.
<span>13th August, 1997</span>A report of a large, dark, coloured object appearing in the water near Abriachan and moving at speed.
<span>Saturday 30th May 1998</span>The first reported sighting of the the Loch Ness Monster in 1998 was made by a 22 year old female tourist from Marlborough, Wiltshire at 8:55am. She saw a large black object rising about 10 feet out of the water just beneath Urquhart Castle and claimed she had been able to see the object for a full 2 minutes before it disappeared.
<span>June 17th 1998</span>Around 5 a.m. a group of young men on a hill walk claimed to have witnessed Nessie as they were descending a hill near Inverfarigaig. The men, brothers Adam and Mark Sutherland and Peter Gillies from Inverfarigaig and Peter Rhind from the Black Isle watched the shape for about 45 minutes through binoculars before it disappeared under the water. They described the shape as being about 300 metres from the shore, massive in size with a long tail. The Loch was flat calm at the time.
<span>July 13th 2000</span>At approx 11 a.m. Melissa Bavister and Chris Rivett, a couple on holiday in Scotland from Northampton. were travelling on the North shore of Loch Ness near Drumnadrochit when they stopped in a lay-by to take a scenic picture of the Loch using a camera with a 23mm lens. They hadn't noticed that also in the pitcure was the now familiar humps that are associated with Nessie. When they returned home and had the film processed Chris noticed the humped shapes in one of the photographs. They were just passed the village of Lochend. "It was a fine clear day and we are positive there were no craft on the loch or birds flying about." said Chris.Experts have agreed the single photograph showed a very large object in the water half a mile from either shore.The exact location, near the reputedly haunted Boleskin House, is one of the deepest parts of the 23-mile-long loch, believed to be around 700ft deep.
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<span>Early May 2001</span>Approx 6 a.m James Gray and Peter Levings were fishing on Loch Ness near Invermoriston, about three quarters of a mile from where the River joins the Loch. Mr Gray said the conditions were absolutely peaceful in the middle of the loch. He then spotted a movement 150 yards away and saw something sticking out of the water. He grabbed his camera and took a few snaps. The object then raised up a couple of feet and was rising as he looked at it. He said: "Soon, it was about 6ft out of the water but secods later it had become a black kind of blob as it disappeared. It had curled forward and gone down." He added: "This was certainly no seal. It had a long black neck almost like a conger eel, but I couldn't see a head. It didn't seem to bend very much but as it went under it sort of arched and disappeared. "We circled for twenty minutes but found nothing."

<span>Have a look at this sighting:</span>Sighting
<span>June 1st 2003</span>This proved a good day for monster spotting with no less than three sightings in eight hours. Two of the sightings were from the cruise boat Royal Scot and the third was claimed by a fisherman at around 10pm. All were reported in the Fort Augustus area. The skipper of the Royal Scot spotted a fast moving wake in the water at around 2pm, but thinks he was the only person aboard to see it at the time. "The loch situation at that time was flat calm - absolutely mirror glass," he recalled. "It was travelling at 30 to 35 miles per hour. It was probably chasing salmon. It seems to be some sort of fish eating machine." The second sighting at 8pm lasted for 35 minutes and was witnessed by all 25 passengers and three crew aboard at the time. "What we saw was the top of a hump four or five feet long and five or six inches out of the water," the skipper revealed. The sightings came a week after the boat's sonar detected an object 20 feet long and weighing almost two tons, 320 feet below the surface in the same area. The third sighting was reported at Borlum Bay. A fisherman saw something resting on the surface for three or four minutes before it did a surface roll underwater and disappeared. It was described as almost black in colour and close to a seal in size.
<span>Tuesday 17th August 2004</span> Tom Clegg of Worcestershire saw what he is certain was the monster just before 4pm. Tom saw the creature in the south of Loch Ness between Invermoriston and Fort Augustus. "I saw three dark humps in the water," he recalled. "It was maybe about 150 metres out into the loch. The humps were three to five metres in length maybe. The skin seemed very smooth. It didn't look like anything I'd seen before." He watched the humps for three to five seconds before they appeared to slip below the water. Tom remains convinced he saw an animal of some kind and rejected the suggestion he may have been fooled by a boat wake. "That was the first thing I checked for, but there wasn't a wake. There weren't any boats in sight," he said.
<span>Thursday 11th August 2005</span> Nigel Bell and his family from Newcastle watched what they described as the head of a large animal move through the loch at 6pm. The family, who were on the veranda of a holiday lodge at Foyers at the time, said that the head was larger than that of a cow and was about a third of the way across the loch. Regular visitors to the area, they were convinced what they saw was not the result of a boat wake or wave movement.
<span>Sunday 28th August 2005</span> Kelly Yeats and Neil McKenzie from Bridge of Deee, were staying at Foyers Bay House when they saw a "long necked, curved-headed" creature in the loch at 8.30am. The sighting lasted 10 minutes.
<span>Friday 9th September 2005</span> A retired Master Mariner was cruising just south of Urquhart Bay in a Caley Cruisers' boat at a speed of nine knots when it was overtaken by an unknown object which came between them and the south shore. The sighting lasted several minutes and the object only disappeared as the boat moved towards it. A regular boat user on the loch, the captain said that there was no rational explanation for the object, which was unlike anything any of the boat's occupants had seen before.
<span>Saturday 15th October 2005</span> Robbie Girvan. owner of the Loch Ness Caravan Park at Invermoriston, took five pictures of what he described as a four foot high head and neck at 6pm when he was walking his dogs by the loch shore. He said he saw a long neck come out of the water and had time to return to the house, get his camera and return to take the pictures. Previously a non-believer, he said the "dark green and silvery" creature could only have been Nessie.
<span>Tuesday 27th March 2007</span> Sidney Wilson, an English holiday maker from Nottingham, took a cruise down the loch to view the sights. As they approached Urquhart Castle two power boats appeared leaving a large wash in their wake. Sidney took two quick photographs of the boats and on the second one there appeared to be something in the water. After enlarging the image Sidney could see a head and a fin on the photograph.
<span>Saturday 26th May 2007</span> A two-minute video clip, recorded on this date, shows what appears to be a long, black creature swimming just below the surface of Loch Ness. <span>Click here to view Gordon's video</span>. The creature's head breaks the surface as it propels itself through the water. Images from the tape also clearly show how the creature creates a wake on the surface of the water as it swims in the direction of Inverness. The film was taken by amateur scientist Gordon Holmes, from Shipley, Yorkshire, who estimates the "creature" was moving at around 6mph. Mr Holmes, who works as a technician at Bradford University, was in the area using hydrophones to detect underwater noises from the loch. He said he saw the monster at 9.50pm while he was filming the loch from a layby on the A82. Mr Holmes, 55, said: "I was minutes from going home but I saw something moving and dashed out of the car and switched the camcorder on. "About 200 yards away from me I could see something in the water. It was definitely a creature propelling itself through the water. It was fairly bubbling along the water. It was streaking along."

<span>This sighting occurred on Saturday 19th September 1998 and is told by</span>
<span><span>Mr and Mrs Robert Carter from Marsden, West Yorkshire.</span></span>
We had just arrived at Strone Holiday Chalet near Urquhart Castle, overlooking Urquhart Bay. It was about 3:00pm. We parked the car at the rear of the chalet and were preparing to unload the car. My husband decided to stand and admire the view over Urquhart Bay, when he noticed a black object in the water of about 14 foot in length. He stood for some 30 seconds trying to identify what the object was and not being able to he ran back to the car, opened the boot and reached for his binoculars. He asked me to come and look at the object with him. We both went to the side of the chalet and I also saw the same dark object in the water. My husband stood looking at it through binoculars for about 30 to 45 seconds until it disappeared under the water. I myself was looking at it with the naked eye and can also say it was a large dark object, around 14 foot in length. It looked to have a body and a head and it was animate, then it sunk into the water without any obvious diving motion.My husband's description of the object is very similar to mine. He saw a black, slick object of about 14 feet in length and stood 3 feet out of the water, there was no visible signs of flippers, fins, or a tail. It's head appeared to be perfectly round, like a football, but with obvious sign of a muzzle i.e. like that of a seal. The object was moving slowly through the water with a slight bow wave, and it did not arch its back to dive, it just gently slipped below the water. On Saturday the 19th the weather conditions were fine and clear and we did not notice any vessels in the Bay at the time, the water was very calm.
Both my husband and myself have in the past observed dolphins and seals in the wild and this object did not look like either. We have been visiting the Loch Ness area for about 4 years and have seen the Loch's water in many different moods, also we have observed the wakes from boats and have seen wind slicks and dark shapes on the water which are often mistaken for Nessie. What we observed was none of the aforementioned, it was a solid object moving through the water.

Although we have ruled out what it was not, neither of us know what it was. All we can say is that we saw a large, black animal in Loch Ness.

<span>This latest sighting occurred on 13th July 2000 at approx 11.00amby Melissa Bavister and Chris Rivett</span>
Melissa and Chris were on holiday in Scotland. On the 13th of July this year they were travelling on the North shore of Loch Ness near Drumnadrochit when they stopped in a lay-by to take a scenic picture of the Loch a camera with a 23mm lens. They hadn't noticed that also in the pitcure was the now familiar humps that are associated with Nessie.
<span>Here is their own story of events that morning.</span>
Melissa said: "We had stopped at a lay-by and I'd snapped one picture using my little Kodak camera."I just wanted a scenic picture to show people back home. I was amazed when I looked at the photograph."Chris said: "Melissa and I were just admiring the beautiful scenery and saying how much we had enjoyed Scotland when I spotted this shape in the picture. "I said to Melissa that there are no islands out in the middle of the loch and that got us wondering just what was it out there on the water."To be honest, neither of us saw anything that made us think: 'There's the monster', and take a picture."At the same time, we are positive we never saw anything else, such as a boat, that could have given this image."Had something attracted our attention, I would have grabbed a camera with a telephoto lens from the car." The couple, from Northampton, had visited relatives in Edinburgh and Perth before going on to Loch Ness. Melissa said: "We drove out from Inverness on the Urquhart Castle side of the loch on the main A82 road."Just past the village of Lochend the big lay-bys with the fixed telescopes were crammed with visitors, so we drove on about a mile or two until we found a lay-by that was empty."It was a fine clear day and we are positive there were no craft on the loch or birds flying about."
Experts have agreed the single photograph showed a very large object in the water half a mile from either shore.The exact location, near the reputedly haunted Boleskin House, is one of the deepest parts of the 23-mile-long loch, believed to be around 700ft deep.
Alistair Bowie, the Inverness photo lab technician who developed the print, confirmed that the image is on the negative. He told a local newspaper:"The object is on the film and it's not a mark on the negative. Whatever this is, it was there when the picture was taken." The startling image was also examined by Jim Cordiner, senior lecturer in photography at Glasgow's School of Building and Printing. He also told the same newspaper: "It's certainly one of the more interesting monster photographs I have seen." So is it Nessie? Jim said: "Most pictures are explained away. What we have here is a large object with two clear, definable humps in the middle of a loch."


<span><span>Operation Deepscan</span></span>

Operation Deepscan has been by far the largest and most intense search of Loch Ness to attempt to find the proof of the mystery known as the Loch Ness monster.The newspapers claimed it was "a sonar exploration of Loch Ness, an operation which would sweep the unfathomable depths of the loch from shore to shore and end to end with a curtain through which nothing could escape".
But how did the operation start and what was the results of the plan estimated to cost £1million. It was the brainchild of Adrian Shine, the leader of the Loch Ness project who teamed up with Darrell Laurence head of Laurence Electronics, Tulsa Oklahoma. He thought Loch Ness would be a good testing site for his sonar units (not to mention the publicity). So trials started at the loch in October 1986 using ten boats fitted with Laurence X-16 sonar units. The x-16 sonar unit was used because it would record on a paper chart anything seen in the lochs depths. The units had a range of 1300ft and could target objects as small as 1ft and separate objects just 1in apart.The boats, which were supplied by Caley Cruises set out from the New Clansman Hotel into the loch and tried to form a line down the loch but bad weather and winds up to force 6 stopped any chance they had to gather information so all they had to show was yards of meaningless sonar readings. Operation Deepscan was therefore cancelled for that year.It was decided to go ahead with Operation Deepscan the following year.br So on October the 9th 1987 started the largest sonar sweep of any fresh water loch anywhere in the world.The boats again supplied by caley cruises met at the New Clansman Hotel. As well as the 24 boats that were to take part in the operation every layby for miles around the loch were full of interested spectators and their cars.Over 250 newspersons and 20 television crews turned up to record the the event for the newspapers and tv stations from all over the world.Nearly every boat that could be hired was on the loch that morning including a pleasure steamer hired for the media and an helicopter buzzing around the line of boats.The proceedings started with Adrian Shine talking to everyone taking part, which included volunteers from the Docklands Fund and the Drake Fellowship, through a megaphone asking they do it for
"all the maligned eyewitnesses who look to you for vindication ".
The media loved it and spirits were high for the start of the operation.The boats edged out into the loch, where they formed a line of 19, all fitted with lowrance X-16 sonar units with other boats following including the New Atlantis fitted with a Simrad scanning sonar which can still be seen on the loch today.The first problem they encountered was the sonars forming the curtain interfered with each other so the sensitivity had to be turned down to almost minimum or the readings would be indecipherable. This problem solved, the searchers moved down the loch towards Fort Augustus keeping in line using flags set on several of the boats.On the first day 3 strong sonar contacts were recorded from 78 metres (256ft) to 180 metres (590ft). The best of these was made just off Whitefield opposite Urquhart Bay.The object entered the the sonar at 174 metres (570ft) and was tracked for 140 seconds. The new atlantis moved forward to try and engage the target with the Simrad scanning sonar but without success.The position of all three targets was taken using Decca navigation equipment so they could be revisited later.The boats returned to the New Clansman Hotel and everyone waited with bated breath for the debriefing in the hotel that evening. In the debriefing it was reported that 3 strong sonar contacts were made that day, larger than would be expected from a fresh water loch.David Steensland of Laurence said that the 78metre (256ft)target might be of a very large known fish but thought that unlikely at that depth. Of the other two targets he said they were very strange and larger than those he picked up from sharks off the coast of Florida.Darrell Laurence said that all the contacts were larger than a shark but smaller than a whale. Adrian Shine, leader of the Loch Ness project said in his opinion all 3 targets were unlike those which could be expected from the lochs known inhabitants like salmon eels or shoals of char and that they are deep midwater contacts of considerable strength.  So the first day of the operation ended with great optimism for the following day of the search.Day 2 started with the 19 boats lined up just north of Fort augustus and the sweep started back down the loch all the way to abriachan. Apart from a couple of indistinct contacts nothing was seen to match the 3 contacts of the previous day.The media, assembled at the debriefing with hopes of more good contacts, took the no contact news badly. Adrian explained that he had sent 5 boats out that morning to check the sites of the previous days contacts but nothing could be found that could have made them. That proved that they were not fixed objects but moving mid water targets.It was estimated that the search covered 60% of the total loch area as the sides and bays could not be covered.The media left the loch some what dismayed that the Loch Ness Monster had not been dragged from the loch for all to see and some reported Operation Deepscan as a flop. Whatever they may say or print the operation was a success. It did record 3 large sonar contacts in the loch of a size too large to be made by anything known to live in the loch.So what were the 3 contacts which were said to be larger than a shark but smaller than a whale?I am afraid we will never know anymore about what can be seen on the sonar contacts of October 9th 1987.
<span>But it must be added to the evidence pile for the existence of the Loch Ness monster.</span>

<span><span>Project Urquhart</span></span>

Project Urquhart (named after the castle which stands on the shore of the loch ) was the idea of Nicholas Witchell the BBC news presenter and Loch Ness enthusiast since 1970.He wondered if he could get the scientific bodies interested in studying loch ness and to his suprise they said yes. The Natural History Museum in London, the Freshwater Biological Association, Simrad the marine electronics company and the Discovery Channel all agreed either to help or sponsor work at the loch, not to search for the monster but to study the loch and its workings as the largest body of fresh water in the British Isles.
The first stage, which took place in 1992 was carried out by the Simrad company using their research ship MV Simrad from Norway. They carried out the first complete hydrographic survey of the loch since 1903 when Sir John Murray plumbed the depths of the loch using nothing more than a long piece of pianowire and a weight.Simrad travelled nearly 500 miles in the loch using the latest em1000 multi beam swath system which sends out 120 sonar signals at once in a pan beneath the boat  taking a total of 7 million soundings.

A new maximum depth was found a couple of miles north of Invermoriston of 786 feet compared  with the depth of 754 feet found by John Murray just south of Urquhart Castle and despite rumours that have been around for years no evidence was found of any caves or tunnels in the loch ( or Edwards Deep ). The loch proved to be a very regular steep walled trench.While cruising the loch Simrad noticed a line of objects, dubbed the footprints, running from Foyers to Fort Augustus at about 60 metres apart. A small remotely operated submersible fitted with a video camera was sent down to look at one of them and it turned out to be a large metal wheel barrow. It is thought that they are calibration targets put down by the Ministry of Defence to test sonar, when sonar was in its early stages of development and they were using the loch for trials.
July 1993 saw the arrival at the loch of the 65ft research ship Calanus and its support boat Seol mara. Calanus carried some of the most sophisticated sampling devices and fish detecting sonar ever seen on an inland freshwater loch before and was to clock up almost 200 hours of intense sampling of the loch. What they found is that the loch did not quite act like they expected and several unusual features still can not be explained.The northern end of the loch is more productive than the southern end so it would be expected to hold a denser population of phytoplankton (microscopic vegitation) but the next step in the food chain the zooplankton (microscopic lifeforms) and fish are more abundant in the southern end of the loch.They thought that this may be caused by the deep water currents taking them towards the southern end or that the zooplankton may be feeding on material washed down from the rivers entering the loch at Fort Augustus. Even the vertical distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton did not follow what would be expected with the zooplankton being found some distance below the phytoplankton. Also, the open water fish distribution was some what unusual with the bulk of the fish living between 20 and 30 metres in total darkness.Trawling the loch produced around 200 fish from the epilimnon (top warmer layer) most of which were charr. This is a very small amount for a stretch of water the size of Loch Ness but what the open water area lacked the more localized areas such as river mouths and near the shore line more than made up for and passed what would be expected from far richer lakes. Because of this we still have no figure for the amount of fish in the loch with estimates made by the loch ness project of between 27 and 30 tonnes being the last figures to be released.

The Natural History Museums part in 1993 was to find microscopic animals in the loch which most of us will never have heard of. The nematode worm is found everywhere in the world from the highest mountain to the deepest oceans living in the sand soil and sediments as well as in the tissues of  plants and animals.In all 41 core samples were taken with most of the worms found in the top 1 centimetre. In just one of the samples 274 nematode worms were found covering 27 different species and one of these the ethmolaimus sp being new to science now with a new home in the vaults of the Natural History Museum in London. The purpose of the study is to see which and how many of the worms live in the loch to give them some idea of how a large freshwater lake should be and to see what the changes in the climate could have on it.This will help them with studies throughout the world into global warming and pollution . but of more interest to most of us are the unusual sonar contacts made in both 1992 and 1993.
Although the project were not there to look for the monster they did, while using their sonar, see some large contacts in the loch that they could not explain.On Tuesday the 28 of July 1992 at around 7pm the Simrad research ship was heading south between Foyers and Invermoriston when the automatic tracking sonar locked on to a target and held it for around 2 minutes. Thor Edland, the Simrad specialist who was operating the sonar at the time, described it as a very strong echo in comparison to the fish traces they had been recording.During the 1993 operations the Simrad sonar aboard the Calanus recorded 4 sonar contacts in mid water.Birnie Lees, the senior Simrad engineer who studies the traces described them as "strong high value targets ". One in particular he said was "far too large to be one of the lochs known fish". So the biological study of the loch has shown us that the loch does not behave like we would expect a loch of its size to.

The old question of "is there enough fish in the loch to feed a monster " is no nearer an answer.
A new mini monster has been found in the loch, but again sonar contacts have been recorded at the loch this time by people who were not even looking for the monster. Again the sonar screen shows us that something large is moving around in the depths of the loch that should not be in a freshwater loch in the middle of the Highlands of Scotland.